Videos and Animations
I have made number of animations for classes and talks. Some of these are videos captured from our microscopes; others are animations made with the program Toon Boom. These animations are very simple and are used to give the general idea behind a process. Please feel free to use these tools if they prove useful. Many of the movies are in the 10 Mb size range; all are Quicktime movies.
Toxin Animations
Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin
Botulism Toxin: Botulism toxin and tetanus toxin are both taken up by the same cells but have opposite effects. These movies explain the differences in trafficking between these related proteins.
Organisms
Plasmodium gallinaceum exflagellation: This movie shows the process whereby Plasmodium gametes develop and release sperm.
Salmonella Motility: These are Salmonella typhimurium cells in LB broth. One cell can be seen tumbling, another swimming straight and a third is tethered to the coverslip by its flagella.
Innate Immune Functions
Hypersensitivity response: This is a simple cartoon demonstrating the purpose of an HR response in stoping the spread of infection in a leaf.
Guard Hypothesis: This cartoon imagines what takes place in a plant cell following the injection of proteins through a type three secretory apparatus. The secreted effectors gum up the machinery of the cell and the guard protein (Mickey) notices a change and raises and alarm.
Toll signaling overview: This animation shows the signal transduction cascade that occurs in Drosophila embryos from gastrulation defective to dorsal.
Toll activation during embyronic development in the fly: This movie highlights the events occuring in the extracellular space of the Drosophila embryo.
Toll activation by bacteria in the fly: This movie highlights the events occuring in the hemolymph during the immune activation of Toll. This movie is used to contrast the above movie showing the developmental activation. Note the objects in this movie are certainly not drawn to scale.
Koella mosquito experiment: This movie describes the procedure used by Koella to monitor changes in the behavior of mosquitoes following Plasmodium infection. pub med
Cell functions
Type three secretion apparatus: This is an imaginary view of a Type Three Secretion Apparatus secreting an effector protein into another cell.
Prion nucleation: This movie imagines the nucleation event involved in prion formation and the subsequent polymerization of fibres.