Theriot Lab Movie Collection
As seen on CNN, the Discovery Channel and NBC Nightly
News
All the movies on this page were captured by Theriot lab members
or collaborators. Complimentary videotapes for educational purposes
are available upon request.
You should configure your browser to read ".mov"
files with a quicktime plug-in and use a java-enabled browser
(Netscape or IE 3 or higher) for viewing.
"A microscopist thinks with the eyes
and sees with the brain."
-Prof.
Daniel Mazia, 1996
Jump to:
Greatest
Hits in
Host-Pathogen
Relationships
A collection of educational videos featuring many pathgoens. Some
of were featured in the Discovery channel documentry "Intimate
Strangers."
- Life history of a single infecting Listeria
monocytogenes
- The sequence begins with the
bacterium at the lower left corner of the cell, still in the
membrane-bound compartment. It breaks free from the membrane
and divdes several times before the movement begins. Once
movement begins, the descendants of the initial infecting
bacterium spread through the whole cell very quickly. Speeded
up 900X.
-
--Julie Theriot & Dan
Portnoy
- View
(1.6 MB)
- Listeria monocytogenes moving in PtK2 cells
- These pathogenic bacteria grow
directly in the host cell cytoplasm. The phase-dense streaks
behind the bacteria are the actin-rich comet tails. Actin-based
motility is also used in cellular motility; this cell is using
it's cytoskeleton to crawl toward the lower right-hand
corner. Speeded up 150X over real time.
-
--Julie Theriot & Dan
Portnoy
- View
(1.6 MB)
- More Listeria monocytogenes moving in PtK2 cells
- Speeded up 150X over real
time.
-
--Julie Theriot & Dan
Portnoy
- View
(2.2 MB)
- Shigella flexneri associated with actin tails in
PtK2 cells
- These bacteria are unrelated to L.
monocytogenes but move at similar rates and with similar
behaviors. S. flexneri are substantially larger than
L. monocytogenes and because of this the tails appear to
be phase-lucent rather than phase-dense. Speeded up
300X.
-
--Julie Theriot & Marcia Goldberg
- View
(1 MB)
- Shigella flexneri with a deletion for icsA
infecting cells
- Mutant S. flexneri with a
deletion in icsA. These bacteria invade cells normally and grow
normally in cytoplasm, but do not associate with actin and do
not move. Instead, they form microcolonies in infected cells.
Speeded up 200X.
-
--Julie Theriot & Marcia Goldberg
- View
(1 MB)
- Candida albicans killing macrophages from the
inside-out
- Candida albicans, a fungal
pathogen, being consumed by mouse bone marrow macrophages.
After the macrophages engulf the yeast-like C. albicans,
the fungus responds by rapidly growing a "germ tube." This
projection eventually pierces the macrophage from the inside,
killing the attacking macrophage, while the fungus survives.
Speeded up 900X.
-
--Julie Theriot & Julie Koehler
- View
(1.7 MB)
- Salmonella typhimurium invading a fibroblast
cell
- Salmonella typhimurium invades
Henle human epithelial cells. Contact of the bacteria on the
host cell surface causes the host cell to send up huge
actin-rich ruffles or "splashes" that engulf the bacteria as
they fold back over. The bacteria are then trapped inside large
vacuoles and replicate there. Speeded up 450X
-
--Julie Theriot & Jorge Galan
- View
(700k)
-
- Acanthamoeba actin-based motility
- A freshwater amoeba crawls, extending
pseudopods through the force generated by actin
polymerization.
-
--Enrique De La Cruz & Julie Theriot
- View
(1.4 MB)
- Vibrio cholerae colonizing human cells
- Vibrio cholerae colonize the
surface of HEp-2 human carcinoma cells. As more bacteria adhere
to the host cell surface and secrete cholera toxin, th host
cells begin to pump out water and salt due to constitutive
activation of adenylyl cyclase. In the intesine, the water is
pumped into the intestinal lumen, resulting in watery diarrhea.
Speeded up 300X.
-
--Julie Theriot & Claudette Gardel
- View
(2 MB)
- Listeria monocytogenes moving in Xenopus
extract
- Listeria monocytogenes bactera
moving in a cytoplasmic extract. On the left is the
phase-contrast sequence to show the bacterium moving. On the
right is a simultaneously recorded fluorescence sequence,
showing the distribution of fluorescently-labeled actin.
Speeded up 60X.
-
--David Fung
- View
(470k)
- Listeria monocytogenes travelling in spirals in
Xenopus extract
- A Listeria monocytogenes
bacterium moving in a cytoplasmic extract. On the left is the
phase-contrast sequence to show the bacterium moving. On the
right is a simultaneously recorded fluorescence sequence,
showing the distribution of fluorescently-labeled actin. This
spiralling behavior is unusual but striking. Speeded up
60X.
-
--David Fung
- View
(360k)
- Listeria "hopping" in Xenopus extract
- A Listeria monocytogenes
bacterium moves in a cytoplasmic extract. The bacterium appears
to be making short, discontinuous starts and stops, 'hopping,'
perhaps between the slide and the coverslip. Phase contrast
reveals the bacterium to be always at the front of the tail, as
expected. Speeded up 60X.
-
--David Fung
- View
(350k)
- Multiple ActA-coated beads moving in Xenopus
extract
- Microscopic beads (.5 microns in
diameter) coated with the ActA protein of Listeria
monocytogenes move in extract containing
fluorescently-labelled actin just as bacteria do. The
phase image of the bead has been superimposed over the
fluorescent image and appears as a red circle. Speeded up
60X.
-
--Lisa Cameron & Julie Theriot
Current
Projects
- Motility initiation of Listeria
- How do Listeria start
moving? This movie shows a bacterium's journey from no
actin to a full-fledged comet tail in Xenopus
extract. Speeded up 60X.
-
--Susanne Rafelski & Julie Theriot
- View
(300k)
- Actin flashes around Yersinia
pseudotuberculosis expressing IcsA.
- Yersinia expressing IcsA
from a low-copy plasmid in GFP-actin MDCK cells exhibits
rapid actin polymerization and depolymerization.
-
--Denise Monack & Julie Theriot
- View
(250k)
- New frontiers in particle tracking and image
analysis.
- New software specifically
designed to automatically track large numbers of
particles or bacteria undergoing actin-based motility
shows Listeria movement from the bug's point of
view. The first movie shows two bacteria (green) moving
in extract with red comet tails. The latter two movies
are revised to show only a view centered on each
bacterium. Speeded up 15X.
-
--Fred Soo & Julie Theriot
- View
1 (17.4 MB)
- View
2 (5.7 MB)
- View
3 (4.1 MB)
- Listeria monocytogenes rotates during
actin-based motility.
- By attaching very small
fluorescent beads to Listeria, we can observe the
bacteria rotating longitudinally as they move. Panels,
from left to right: fluorescence image of beads, phase
contrast image, beads superimposed as white dots on phase
contrast. Speeded up 60X.
-
--Jennifer Robbins & Julie Theriot
- View
(750k)
- Keratocyte actin-based motility.
- A fish keratocyte, recently
freed from the confines of a goby scale, crawls rapidly
using actin-based motility. Speeded up 30X
-
--Rachael Ream, George Somero & Julie
Theriot
- View
(450k)
-
- Skidding motility of mutant Listeria
- Listeria expressing an ActA
with a single point mutation exhibit bizarre motility. The host
cells are MDCK cells expressing GFP-actin. Left, actin
fluorescence. Right, phase contrast. Speeded up
60x.
-
--Susanne Rafelski, Pete Lauer, Dan Portnoy & Julie
Theriot
- View
(1.4 MB)
-
- A single ActA-coated bead moving in Xenopus
extract
-
- Here, a .5-micron bead coated with
ActA moves in extract. The phase image of the bead has
been superimposed over the fluorescent image and appears as a
red circle. Speeded up 60X.
-
-
--Lisa Cameron & Julie Theriot
- View
(140k)
- Asymmetrically-coated large beads moving in extract
- Microscopic beads (2 microns in
diameter) shown here are asymmetrically coated with ActA by
a low-angle shadwoing procedure developed by Matt. As
you can see, they move in extract containing
fluorescently-labelled actin just as bacteria do.
Particles this large (approximately the size of bacteria)
require asymmetric coating to nucleate actin
tails.
-
--Matthew Footer
- not yet
available
- A symmetrically-coated bead breaks symmetry to start
moving
- A bead uniformly coated with ActA
protein 'spontaneously' breaks its symmetry as it is
propelled forward by fluctuations in the actin cloud
surrounding it. This phenomenon is mathematically
predicted by a modified Brownian ratchet (van Oudenaarden
and Theriot, 1999). Speeded up 60X.
-
--Alexander van Oudenaarden & Julie Theriot
- View
(170k)
- Laser trapping of an ActA-coated bead with tail
- A bead is manipulated via laser
trap in this DIC image. The tail does not separate from the
bead. Real Time.
-
--Lisa Cameron, Koen Visscher, Steven Block & Julie
Theriot
- View
(5.5MB)
- Listeria monocytogenes moving in
GFP-actin-transfected cell
- MDCK canine kidney cells, which
constitutively express green fluorescent protein fused with
actin, are infected with Listeria
monocytogenes. The GFP-actin makes study of
Listeria in vacuole-dense, tall cells feasible.
Speeded up 60X.
-
--Jennifer Robbins, Angela
Barth
, Eugenio
de Hostos & Julie
Theriot
- View
(450k)
- Secondary vacuole dissolution following recipient cell
uptake of a Listeria protrusion
- MDCK cells which constitutively
express green fluorescent protein fused with actin are
infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Expression levels vary
from cell to cell; the bacteria you see here are infecting a
cell expressing very little GFP-actin. Some cells are also
membrane-labelled with a red dye, enabling us to see when
the membrane surrounding the vacuole vanishes. Three
protrusion/vacuoles can be seen. Panels, from top left:
actin fluorescence, membrane fluorescence, phase contrast,
triple overlay. Speeded up 180X.
-
--Jennifer Robbins, Angela
Barth
, Eugenio
de Hostos & Julie
Theriot
- View
(870k)
Prime
Time
Entertainment
...and just as entertaining.
- Product placement of Listeria (Mission:
Possible)
-
Part of our ongoing campaign to
sexify L. monocytogenes. Hey, it worked for
Apple.
- View
(3.9 MB)
- It's a bird, it's a plane, it's...a bug
- L. monocytogenesactin-based
motility in a nutshell. Polymerization occurs at the
back of the bacterium, depolymerization is uniform
throughout the tail and is governed by host cytoskeletal
dynamics, and the tail is stationary with respect to the
cytoplasm.
View
(800k)
- Manipulated reality.
- No one can be told what the
cytoskeleton is. You have to see it for
yourself.
View
(6.1MB)
- Creepy.
- Three video microscopists
disappeared into a room near Palo Alto, California. One year
later their footage was found.
View
(5.1MB)
- The Menace.
- Bacterial invasion if the cell
were Industrial Light and Magic (with a slightly more
cramped budget).
View
(12.7MB)
- Dancing Cells
- Upon observing moving keratocytes in the cell frame of reference, we immediately noticed striking periodic oscillatory motions: some symmetric, others side-to-side. Keratocytes don’t just crawl; they dance. This music video accompanied an interpretive dance--inspired by some of the typical keratocyte dance moves--our lab performed at the biochemistry department’s annual research conference in 2003.
View
(17.7MB)