A. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

Pyruvate + CoA + NAD⁺ ---> Acetyl CoA + CO₂ + NADH

B. TCA Cycle

Acetyl CoA + 2 H₂O + 3 NAD⁺ + FAD + GDP + P_i --->

2 CO₂ + CoA + 3 NADH + FADH₂ + GTP + 2 H⁺

C. Electron Transport.

1/2 O₂ + H⁺ + NADH + 10 ---> H₂O + NAD⁺ + 10

and

1/2 O₂ + FADH₂ + 6 ---> H₂O + FAD + 6

D. ATP Synthesis.

3 + ADP + P_i + H⁺ ---> 3 + ATP + H₂O

NET:

Pyruvate + H⁺ + 2.5 O₂ + 12.5 {ADP + P_i + H⁺} --->

3 CO₂ + 2 H₂O + 12.5 {ATP + H₂O}

MITOCHONDRIA

• ~2 mM by ~0.5 mM

• Outer Membrane Contains Porin Protein

• Inner Membrane:

Transporters

Oxidative Phosphorylation Machinery

1.4 Unit pH gradient; 140 mVolt Electric Potential

Extensively Folded

• Matrix

Enzymes of TCA Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Enzymes of Urea Cycle

• Maternally Inherited. Absent in Erythrocytes and Lens.